Hand-knotted rugs, explained
Warps, wefts, knots, and knot density.
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The foundation
Encyclopaedia Iranica says the basic components are the warps, which run from end to end of the rug, and the wefts, which pass from side to side alternately over and under the warps, binding them together into the foundation.
Where the pile comes from
Iranica says that in pile rugs, supplementary weft yarns, or "knots," are wrapped around the warps between the foundation wefts, then cut. It says the cut ends project on the surface to form the pile and create the design.
Two knot types
Iranica says the two basic types of knots found in Persian carpets are the symmetrical and the asymmetrical. It says the older names, Turkish or Ghiordes and Persian or Senna, are problematic, because both types are used throughout the Near and Middle East.
Knot density
Iranica says: "In the West, by contrast, density is determined by the number of knots per square decimeter or square inch." It says knots tied over more than two warps lower knot density, which leads to less detailed designs.
On the loom
Iranica says the warps are stretched between two parallel beams. With fixed beams, the rug can be no longer than the distance between them; with rotating beams, the finished rug can be longer than the loom.
FAQ
General information only. Keep walking paths clear. The CDC's home fall prevention checklist for older adults says to remove throw rugs, or use double-sided tape or a non-slip backing so the rugs won't slip. Follow the maker's label and instructions for any rug, rug pad, tape, or cleaning product. If someone falls and is hurt, get medical help. In an emergency, call 911.
Next: hand-tufted rugs
Pile set into a backing.
